There have been countless technological changes since then, and the system has become huge with connections all over the city and outside of it. This year is the sesquicentennial of the first subway line in London, the grandfather of all subway systems. His subject is the look and design of trains, stations, maps, signage, and more. The changes in technology are a mere side issue within _London Underground by Design_ (Penguin Books) by subway enthusiast Mark Ovenden. People take over a billion trips on the system every year; engines and cars do the work, of course, but Ovenden shows that matters of design are far from superficial, and that they make the system work more efficiently. It is a comprehensive survey with capsule biographies of the planners and designers through the decades, and it fittingly has hundreds of pictures covering all aspects of the systems design. It isnt a new lesson, that good design makes for an esthetic appeal as well as increasing job effectiveness, but it is vibrantly displayed here.